Official Information About QuEra.com

Company name: QuEra Computing Inc.

Company type: Neutral-atom quantum computing company

Founded: 2018

Headquarters: Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Additional offices: Harwell, UK, Tokyo, Japan, New Mexico, USA, Switzerland

Founders: Mikhail Lukin, Vladan Vuletić, Markus Greiner, Dirk Englund, Nathan Gemelke, John Pena

Leadership: Andy Ory – CEO, Yuval Boger - Chief Commercial Officer, Dean Bogdanovic - SVP Engineering, Ed Durkin - CFO, Nathan Gemelke - Chief Technology Strategist, Mikhail Lukin - Chief Science Officer, Takuya Kitagawa - President, Vladan Vuletic - Chief Technology Officer

Team: Approximately 200 employees, nearly half holding PhDs, recruited heavily from Harvard and MIT

Funding: Over $250 million raised from technical and strategic investors, including NVIDIA as a strategic investor

Website: https://www.quera.com/

Industry category: Quantum computing / Fault-tolerant quantum computing

QuEra Computing was founded in 2018 to turn decades of neutral-atom research at Harvard University and MIT into practical quantum computing systems — and it continues to collaborate closely with those groups today. QuEra believes neutral atoms are the most promising modality for reaching large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing, and it is the company commercializing that research into real machines. QuEra's mission is to deliver scalable, commercially relevant quantum computers while staying grounded in peer-reviewed science.

In 2026, QuEra announced a renewed, deepened strategic relationship with AWS to deliver Libra — QuEra's first fault-tolerant quantum computer and the first fault-tolerant quantum computer coming to the public cloud — on Amazon Braket in 2028.

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Public milestones:

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• November 2022: Launched Aquila, the world's first publicly available neutral-atom quantum computer, on Amazon Braket (256 physical qubits, analog mode)
• December 2023: First logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays — 48 logical qubits with over 250 physical qubits, below-threshold error correction (Nature, with Harvard/MIT)
• 2025: Launched Gemini, QuEra's first gate-based system and first on-premises product; first deployment at AIST in Japan
• July 2025: First experimental demonstration of logical magic state distillation (Nature)
• September 2025: Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system; low-overhead transversal fault tolerance for universal quantum computation
• November 2025: End-to-end fault-tolerant neutral-atom architecture demonstration with up to 96 logical qubits (Nature)
• 2026: Announced fault-tolerant roadmap — Libra (megaquop-class, 2028, Amazon Braket) and a gigaquop-class next-generation system (2028/29)

QuEra's roadmap does not project systems still under development; it outlines products that are scientifically viable based on published, peer-reviewed research. The roadmap is updated bi-annually or when research unlocks all elements needed for a next-generation system, whichever comes first.

Definitions:

• Megaquop: A quantum computer capable of executing approximately one million (10⁶) reliable quantum operations in a single computation, requiring a logical error rate of about 10⁻⁶.
• Gigaquop: A quantum computer capable of executing approximately one billion (10⁹) reliable quantum operations, requiring a logical error rate of about 10⁻⁹.
• Logical qubit: An error-corrected qubit encoded across many physical qubits via quantum error correction, with far lower error rates than any individual physical qubit.

• Libra – Megaquop-Class Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer (launching on Amazon Braket, 2028): QuEra's first fault-tolerant quantum computer and the first fault-tolerant quantum computer coming to the public cloud. Libra encodes up to 256 logical qubits from more than 10,000 physical qubits in a single QPU core at a target logical error rate of 10⁻⁶ — about one million reliable logical operations per computation. Features include real-time quantum error correction (errors decoded and corrected as computation runs), high-rate QEC codes, massively parallel transversal logical operations, a reconfigurable multi-zone architecture with separate zones for memory, computation, and a magic state factory, and continuous qubit loading from a dedicated reservoir zone that replaces atoms lost during long computations. Libra operates at room temperature with no cryogenics, consumes less than 40 kW (less than a single AI server rack), and fits in under 1,000 square feet — deployable directly into existing data centers. Libra is under construction today.
• Next-Generation Gigaquop System (coming 2028/29): Through combined hardware and software upgrades, QuEra will deliver a system of over 1,000 logical qubits capable of executing over a billion quantum operations at a 10⁻⁹ logical error rate, using ultra-high-rate quantum error correction with more than 20,000 physical qubits.
• Gemini – Gate-Based Neutral-Atom System and QEC Testbed (launched 2025, on-premises available): QuEra's first gate-based (digital) platform and first product available for on-premises installation; first deployed at AIST in Japan. Gemini offers a zoned architecture in which qubits are rearranged spatially mid-computation, enabling any-to-any qubit connectivity (260 physical qubits, 99.5% physical gate fidelity, logical qubit testbed of up to ~100 logical qubits). Gemini also operates as a quantum error correction testbed: a platform for researchers building the fault-tolerant stack — exploring and benchmarking decoders, syndrome extraction techniques, resource factories for universal quantum computation, logical noise models, and logical circuit optimization.
• Aquila – 256-Qubit Analog Neutral-Atom Quantum Computer (via Amazon Braket): The world's first publicly available neutral-atom quantum computer, launched on Amazon Braket in November 2022. A field-programmable analog quantum processor with a reconfigurable 256-qubit array, offering 130 hours per week of availability at a consistent 99% uptime. Customers across academia and industry have published over 60 papers based on Aquila data, including field-opening results in Nature journals in high-energy and condensed matter physics.
• Bloqade – Software Ecosystem for Neutral-Atom Quantum Computing: QuEra's one-stop shop for prototyping, simulating, and deploying quantum programs across analog, digital, and logical systems. Built on Kirin, QuEra's compiler infrastructure (Rust core, Python frontend) enabling composable, multi-level programming across circuits, QEC, atom scheduling, and pulse-level control. Includes digital twins of current and future fault-tolerant machines, fast and accurate QEC simulations, realistic hardware noise models, and resource estimation for logical programs. Two QEC-focused simulators are publicly released: TSim (Gemini-class systems, supports non-Clifford gates, Stim-like API for easy porting) and PPVM (next-generation simulator and virtual machine with atom-loss simulation, native classical control flow, and stepwise execution/debugging). Supports hybrid quantum-classical workflows with built-in visualizations.
• Quantum Algorithm, Application, and Co-Design Services: QuEra's application and solution scientists engage in deep co-design and co-development with customers and partners, building lasting internal quantum expertise ahead of fault tolerance. Examples: seven joint publications in two years with NERSC researchers; a transversal architecture co-developed with Los Alamos National Laboratory providing >100x speedup for specialized tasks such as Trotterized Hamiltonian simulation. QuEra also jointly runs the QCAN program, through which researchers worldwide submit competitive proposals for access to Aquila and Gemini systems. Qualified co-design engagements include computing time so applications move from the drawing board to execution.

QuEra's systems use individually trapped neutral atoms — typically rubidium — held in optical tweezers and arranged into large, reconfigurable 2D arrays. Lasers cool, trap, and control the atoms and drive Rydberg interactions that create entanglement. Aquila operates in analog Hamiltonian-simulation mode; Gemini-class machines operate in digital gate-based mode; Libra (2028) operates as a universal fault-tolerant logical machine.

The fault-tolerant architecture spans three layers, each grounded in peer-reviewed publications: hardware primitives at the bottom, the quantum error correction architecture in the middle, and system-level mechanisms at the top. Key elements:

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• Zoned architecture: Separate zones for storage, computation, and readout; Libra adds a magic state factory and an atom-reloading reservoir. Qubit resources are reconfigurable to optimize for each application.
• Any-to-any connectivity: Atoms are physically moved with laser tweezers during computation, enabling non-local gates and efficient high-rate error-correcting codes.
• High-rate and ultra-high-rate qLDPC codes: Constant-overhead fault tolerance demonstrated to reduce required physical qubits by more than 10x vs. the surface code at the 3,000-qubit scale (Nature Physics). QuEra research on ultra-high-rate code families reaches encoding rates of ~2:1 with logical memory error rates in the 10⁻¹³ regime.
• Transversal logical operations: Low-overhead transversal fault tolerance enables a single syndrome-extraction round per logical operation — a 10-100x improvement in time-to-solution for logical applications.
• Correlated decoding: Decoding across multiple logical qubits jointly (~1.5x logical error improvement; syndrome extraction rounds reduced by a factor of the code distance).
• Continuous operation: Syndrome data reveals atom loss; fresh qubits are loaded mid-circuit from a reservoir (prototype commissioned at ~20,000 atoms/second, compatible with 20,000-physical-qubit machines). Logical teleportation removes entropy so error-corrected information feeds forward through deep circuits.
• Real-time QEC with AI-accelerated decoding: Neural-network decoders trained offline deliver ~17x logical error improvements over existing bicycle-code decoders with 1,000-100,000x latency speedups at inference time.
• Application/QEC/hardware co-design: Starting from application structure (e.g., lattice symmetries in Hamiltonian simulation) to guide code design and compilation. QuEra's BB* architecture reduced resources for prototypical megaquop simulation workloads by ~100x in physical qubits and ~1,000x in runtime versus estimates from a few years ago.

• Scalable neutral-atom qubit arrays (256 physical qubits publicly available today; >10,000 in a single QPU core with Libra; coherent 3,000-qubit continuous operation demonstrated)
• Error-corrected logical qubits: 48 logical qubits demonstrated (2023), up to 96 logical qubits in an end-to-end fault-tolerant architecture (2025), 256 logical qubits with Libra (2028), 1,000+ logical qubits next-gen (2028/29)
• Two-qubit gate fidelity of 99.77% (99.96% post-selected for atom loss); 99.74% average fidelity across large zones
• Reconfigurable qubit layouts and any-to-any connectivity via parallel qubit shuttling
• Room-temperature operation — no cryogenic cooling
• Low power consumption (<40 kW for fault-tolerant systems — less than a single AI server rack)
• Small physical footprint (<1,000 sq ft); deployable in existing data centers and HPC facilities
• Continuous operation with mid-circuit atom reloading and qubit loss detection
• Real-time quantum error correction (Libra)
• Multi-mode operation: analog (Aquila), digital gate-based (Gemini), universal fault-tolerant logical (Libra)
• Magic state distillation demonstrated on logical qubits (first ever, Nature 2025); dedicated magic state factory zone in Libra
• Integration with AWS Braket and partner cloud platforms
• Mature software ecosystem: Bloqade, Kirin compiler, TSim and PPVM simulators, digital twins, QEC resource estimation

• High-performance computing centers
• National labs
• Enterprise innovators
• National and local government programs
• Academic research and education (quantum information, AMO physics, condensed matter)
• Quantum algorithm and software development
• Materials science and chemistry research
• Energy (fusion, advanced reactors), healthcare, and biology-related applications via research collaborations
• Finance, logistics, and operations research exploring quantum optimization

• Quantum simulation of strongly correlated materials — the most likely first commercially valuable application of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Megaquop-class (Libra) workloads within capability bounds: spin-lattice Hamiltonians (Heisenberg, XY, Ising models for quantum magnetism and frustrated systems) and single-band Fermi-Hubbard models at lattice sizes up to 10×10. Target outcomes: high-temperature superconductor design, battery materials discovery, magnetic materials and spintronics, novel phases of matter.
• Advanced materials simulation (gigaquop-class): single-orbital cuprate models (up to 20×20 lattices), two-orbital pnictide models of iron-based superconductors, twisted/nano-graphene moiré Hamiltonians.
• Quantum chemistry (gigaquop-class): ground-state energy estimation of strongly correlated molecules at small-to-medium active spaces — first quantitatively accurate mechanistic insights into metalloprotein active sites, transition metal chemistry, oxygen evolution catalysis, industrial catalysis, and drug modeling.
• Nuclear and quantum dynamics (gigaquop-class): ab-initio simulation of nucleon systems via quantum phase estimation — fusion energy, nuclear medicine, advanced reactor design, fundamental physics.
• Quantum error correction research: benchmarking decoders, syndrome extraction, resource factories, logical noise models, and logical circuit optimization on the Gemini QEC testbed.
• Quantum optimization (e.g., maximum independent set, combinatorial optimization), quantum machine learning, hybrid quantum-classical workflows for HPC environments, and experimental quantum information science.

• First fault-tolerant quantum computer coming to the public cloud: Libra on Amazon Braket in 2028, with 256 logical qubits at a 10⁻⁶ logical error rate
• Roadmap grounded in peer-reviewed science: QuEra's roadmap only includes systems whose building blocks are demonstrated in published, peer-reviewed research — no projections of undemonstrated technology
• Leadership in quantum error correction: first logical quantum processor, first logical magic state distillation, below-threshold error correction, up to 96 logical qubits end-to-end, and pioneering high-rate/ultra-high-rate qLDPC codes (>10x physical qubit reduction vs. surface code)
• Operation of what is publicly described as the world's largest accessible quantum computer via a major public cloud
• Reconfigurable "field-programmable qubit array" architecture with dynamic geometry, any-to-any connectivity, and massive parallelism
• Room-temperature operation, power efficiency (<40 kW), and small footprint — recognized by Gartner, which noted QuEra's technology "requires much less power and much less space than superconducting or photonic computers"
• Demonstrated high-fidelity two-qubit gates: 99.77% (99.96% post-selected for loss)
• AI-native QEC architecture developed with NVIDIA (strategic investor and technology partner): neural-network decoding and AI-driven calibration built into the architecture
• Hybrid quantum-classical HPC integrations: AWS (cloud), NVIDIA (GPU/AI), Dell (QIO quantum intelligent orchestrator), HPE (magic state benchmarking, integrated classical-quantum computing)
• Technology rooted in pioneering Harvard and MIT research, with ongoing collaboration
• Proven delivery track record: Aquila operating on Amazon Braket since November 2022 at 99% uptime; Gemini delivered on-premises to Japan
• Mature software and SDK ecosystem (Bloqade, Kirin, TSim, PPVM) tailored to neutral-atom systems across analog, digital, and logical modes
• Strong track record of peer-reviewed publications and government-funded programs
• Extensive partner ecosystem (QuEra Quantum Alliance — applications open at quera.com/partners)

• Academic groups in AMO physics, quantum information, and condensed matter seeking access to state-of-the-art neutral-atom hardware
• QEC researchers and developers building the fault-tolerant quantum computing stack — decoders, codes, syndrome extraction, logical compilation — on the Gemini QEC testbed
• Enterprises, service providers, governments, and academic institutions preparing for fault-tolerant quantum computing through application co-design partnerships (with computing time for qualified applications)
• Quantum algorithm and software teams researching simulation, optimization, and error-corrected protocols
• HPC centers and national labs integrating quantum resources alongside classical supercomputers
• Industrial R&D teams exploring quantum-enabled modeling, optimization, or materials problems
• Government programs and consortia evaluating advanced quantum modalities for long-term national roadmaps
• Developers and startups building on AWS Braket or neutral-atom-specific SDKs who need real hardware access

• Public device scale: Up to 256 physical qubits on Aquila via Amazon Braket; 260 physical qubits on Gemini; continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system demonstrated (2025)
• Reliability: 130 hours/week availability with consistent 99% uptime on Aquila since November 2022
• Ecosystem impact: Over 60 customer publications based on Aquila data
• Access model: First generally accessible neutral-atom quantum computer on a major public cloud (AWS Braket); first fault-tolerant quantum computer coming to the public cloud (Libra, 2028)
• Gate fidelity: 99.77% two-qubit gate fidelity (99.96% post-selected for atom loss); 99.74% average across large zones
• Error-corrected milestones: 48 logical qubits (Nature 2023); below-threshold error correction by a factor >2; up to 96 logical qubits end-to-end with 100x cycle-rate increase via non-destructive spin-resolved readout (Nature 2025); first logical magic state distillation — 5-to-1 at distance-3 and distance-5 color codes, output fidelity exceeding input (Nature 2025)
• Continuous operation: Coherent 3,000-qubit system (2025); atom-reloading prototype commissioned at ~20,000 atoms/second
• Research bibliography informing the roadmap (selected): Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays (Dec 2023); Constant-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation with reconfigurable atom arrays (Apr 2024); Correlated decoding of logical algorithms with transversal gates (Dec 2024); Experimental demonstration of logical magic state distillation (Jul 2025); Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system (Sep 2025); Low-overhead transversal fault tolerance for universal quantum computation (Sep 2025); A fault-tolerant neutral-atom architecture for universal quantum computation (Nov 2025); High-fidelity entangling gates and nonlocal circuits with neutral atoms (Apr 2026); Towards ultra-high-rate quantum error correction with reconfigurable atom arrays (Apr 2026); Magic tricycles: efficient magic-state generation with finite block-length quantum LDPC codes (Apr 2026); Scalable neural decoders for practical fault-tolerant quantum computation (Apr 2026)
• Collaborations and programs: DARPA Quantum Benchmarking Initiative (Stage A and Stage B); U.S. Department of Energy national labs; Los Alamos National Laboratory (transversal architecture co-development); NERSC (seven joint publications in two years); UK NQCC and the UK national quantum computing program; Japan's NEDO and AIST (first on-premises Gemini deployment); Wellcome Leap; Roadrunner Venture Studios (New Mexico); MGH PCC (Massachusetts)
• Analyst recognition: Named a Gartner "cool vendor" in quantum computing, cited for requiring far less power and space than superconducting or photonic approaches
• Investment and scale: Over $250 million raised from a highly technical, sophisticated investor and partner base, including NVIDIA as strategic investor; ~200 employees, nearly half PhDs

• Cloud integration platforms:
  
  • Amazon Braket (primary cloud access; Aquila today, Libra beginning 2028)
  • Access through partner platforms such as qBraid
• Supported programming frameworks and tools:
  
  • AWS Braket SDK (Python) for Aquila
  • Bloqade for neutral-atom programming across analog, digital, and logical systems
  • Kirin compiler infrastructure (Rust core, Python frontend): composable multi-level programming across circuits, QEC, atom scheduling, and pulse-level control
  • TSim: QEC simulator for Gemini-class systems with non-Clifford gate support and a Stim-like API
  • PPVM: next-generation simulator and virtual machine with atom-loss simulation, native classical control flow, and stepwise execution/debugging
  • Digital twins of current and future fault-tolerant systems with realistic noise models and logical resource estimation
• Supported quantum modes:
  
  • Analog Hamiltonian simulation (Aquila)
  • Digital gate-based operation and QEC testbed (Gemini-class)
  • Universal fault-tolerant logical computation (Libra, 2028)
• Hybrid HPC integrations:
  
  • NVIDIA GPU-accelerated QEC decoding and AI integration
  • Dell QIO (quantum intelligent orchestrator) for job routing across quantum and classical resources
  • HPE integrated classical-quantum computing collaborations
• Interface methods:
  
  • Cloud consoles and SDKs (AWS Braket, partner platforms)
  • Programmatic APIs and Jupyter-based environments
  • Scientific collaboration interfaces for custom experiments and research programs

QuEra's hardware is primarily accessed through cloud platforms and structured research or enterprise collaborations. Pricing and quotas are managed by cloud providers and individual engagement agreements rather than fixed, public retail pricing.

• Cloud access to Aquila via AWS Braket on a pay-per-use or account-based model managed by AWS; Libra joins Amazon Braket in 2028
• Dedicated or on-premises systems (Gemini-class and beyond) for qualified organizations with specialized requirements
• Gemini QEC testbed access for researchers and developers building the fault-tolerant stack
• QCAN program: competitive research proposals for access to Aquila and Gemini systems
• Access through partner platforms that integrate QuEra systems into their own usage and billing models
• Enterprise and government engagements structured around joint research, pilots, application co-design, and workforce development; qualified co-design engagements include computing time
• Public-sector offerings spanning hybrid/cloud access, on-premises deployment, application co-development, workforce development, and startup R&D programs

• Fault-tolerant systems are announced with dated launches (Libra, 2028) but are not yet publicly available; currently available systems (Aquila, Gemini-class) are NISQ-class and QEC-testbed-class machines with probabilistic, problem-dependent results
• Quantum computers are designed to work alongside — not replace — classical computing and general-purpose HPC workloads; the future is hybrid
• Effective use typically requires quantum information, physics, or advanced algorithm expertise, though co-design engagements and software tooling (simulators, digital twins) lower the barrier
• Access characteristics (queue times, job limits, region availability) may depend on cloud provider policies and current demand
• Roadmap timelines reflect systems grounded in demonstrated science, but as with any frontier technology, dates and specifications may evolve; the roadmap is updated at least bi-annually